11. Predicate vs. Attributive adjectives (position)

• Attributive: Appear before the noun they modify.

  a noisy crowd, a tall tower.

• Predicate: Appear after linking verbs and describe the subject.

  The crowd is noisy.
  The tower looks tall.

12. Comparative and superlative forms

Forming:

• Short adjectives:

  add -er / -est
  tall → taller → tallest

• Longer adjectives:

  use more / most (beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful)

• Irregular:

  good → better → best
  bad → worse → worst

• Examples:

  She is taller than I am.
  This is the most interesting chapter.

13. Adjectives formed from nouns and verbs

• From nouns:

  wooden (from wood)
  golden (from gold)

• From verbs (past participles/adjectives):

  broken, written, bored

• Examples:

  a wooden table
  a broken window

14. Limiting vs. qualifying adjectives

• Limiting adjectives: restrict or identify (articles, demonstratives, possessives, numerals).

  That idea, my friend, five cars.

• Qualifying adjectives: describe qualities or degrees (descriptive adjectives).

  a clever plan, a generous donation.

15. Adjectives of relation (classifying adjectives)

• Definition: Indicate a relationship or category rather than a quality; often formed from nouns.
• Examples: medical (relating to medicine), economic, presidential
• Sentences:
  She attended a medical conference.
  They discussed economic policy.

16. Degree modifiers with adjectives

• Definition: Words that modify the intensity of adjectives (these are adverbs but commonly used with adjectives).
• Examples:

  very, extremely, fairly, slightly, quite, really

• Sentences:
  The weather is extremely cold.
  She’s fairly certain.

17. Adjective phrases and clauses

• Adjective phrase: a group of words acting as an adjective. — fond of music, full of energy.

  Example:

  The girl fond of music joined the choir.

• Adjective clause (relative clause): contains a subject and verb and modifies a noun; introduced by relative pronouns (who, which, that) or relative adverbs (where, when, why).

  Example:

  The book that you lent me was excellent.

18. Conversion and zero-derivation

• Definition: Some adjectives are identical in form to nouns or verbs without affixation (e.g., daily, monthly, wooden vs. noun wood).
• Examples:

  daily report (adjective from noun)
  a weekly meeting.