Punctuation basics 

1. Period (.) ends a sentence.
2. Question mark (?) ends a question.
3. Exclamation mark (!) shows strong feeling.
4. Comma (,) separates items in a list (e.g., I have an apple, a banana, and a pear).

Articles and determiners 

1. A/An (for one thing, not specific):
2. Use “a” before words that start with a consonant sound (a cat).
3. Use “an” before words that start with a vowel sound (an apple).
4. Use “the” for something specific (the book on the table).

Conjunctions (joining words)

1. Use words like “and”, “but”, “or” to join ideas.
2. Example: I like apples and bananas.

Sentences

1. Start with a capital letter.
2. End with a period (.), question mark (?), or exclamation mark (!).